Newsletter XXVI March 2002
Asset
Protection: Planning for Your Residence
Emergency
Preparedness in Clark County
Clark County
Health District Disease Statistics
Russ Bowler, Esq.,
Jeffrey Burr and Associates, Attorneys at Law
Personal
injury lawsuits have become prevalent in our society. Being "injured" by an individual or
company with "deep-pockets" seems to almost have the allure of
winning a lottery. Some state
legislatures, apparently having determined that astronomical money damages
verdicts are such a problem, have enacted statutes to
cap the amounts that can be recovered in some of these lawsuits.
The
financial and emotional toll of defending a lawsuit can be immense. A person being sued is likely to agonize over
the prospect of being found liable for a large money judgment (thereby becoming
a judgment debtor). Upon becoming a
judgment debtor, potentially all of the non-exempt assets of the individual
become subject to the reach of the party winning the lawsuit, the judgment
creditor. This commences the collection
process portion of the legal proceedings.
Often an attorney who specializes in locating and obtaining the assets
of a judgment debtor will be hired to assist a judgment creditor in satisfying
his claim.
Many
techniques have been developed to lessen the risks of losing one's assets in a
lawsuit. These techniques are generally
referred to as "Asset Protection Planning." In this article I will focus on some
techniques used to specifically protect one asset: the residence.
There is an
old saying that "A man's home is his castle." The Nevada Legislature appears to have
adopted this belief. There are some
statutory provisions that allow individuals to protect their residences from
the reach of certain creditors. These
include the homestead exemption, the provision for allodial
title, and the Nevada On Shore Trust
("NOST"). In addition to
discussing these protections, in this article I will discuss a federal transfer
tax provision, the QPRT, that may also provide some
protection for one's residence.
The
Interestingly
the exemption may be obtained even after the homeowner has been sued. However, I recommend not waiting until then
to file the declaration. Also, a husband
and wife are only allowed one exemption; they cannot double their homestead
exemption amount. The homestead is not
generally effected by owning the property in a
revocable living trust.
Obtaining
the protection offered by the homestead exemption is a rather simple procedure. All homeowners should take advantage of it.
A
Homestead/Community Property Consideration. There is another asset protection planning
technique that combines the homestead exemption with community property
laws. If one spouse is exposed to a high
degree of risk through his/her profession, the couple may consider converting
all of their community assets into separate property. With certain exceptions the separate property
of one spouse will be protected from the creditors of the other spouse. After the conversion takes place, the spouses
can elect to allocate the homestead exemption to the at-risk spouse. Thus, the whole exemption protects the spouse
who is most likely to be sued.
Allodial Title.
In recent years the Nevada Legislature enacted a new property tax
law. This law allows the owner of a
single-family dwelling (including its appurtenances and the land) to obtain
somewhat of a "Super-Homestead Exemption" by establishing allodial title to their residence. The concept of allodial
title is derived from the ancient legal concept of allodium wherein the
ownership of land was outright and could not be taken by others. This was truly a concept of outright
ownership. Although we speak of owning
our real property outright, our current laws subject land to creditors' claims
including property tax claims. One will
eventually lose their land if they do not pay the property taxes due thereon.
The
In addition
to these tax aspects, property for which a certificate of allodial
title is issued cannot generally be taken by judgment creditors. Thus, it is like a homestead without a
limitation on the dollar amount that is protected. Unlike the regular homestead exemption, the allodial title exemption generally protects the property
against mechanic's lien creditors and state and local taxing authorities. However, obtaining allodial
title does not protect the property from the reach of the IRS or from certain
criminal forfeiture provisions.
Unfortunately,
the following examples provided by the state treasurer's office, illustrate the
high cost of this protection. Both
examples are based on the state's actuarial tables and assume a residence with
a taxable value of $300,000 and therefore an assessed value of $105,000
(assessed value is thirty-five percent of the taxable value) at the time of a
lump sum payment. These examples also
assume that the applicants agree to a recalculation upon making substantial
improvements to the residence. The lump
sum cost of allodial title for a seventy-five year
old man is $145,000. The lump sum
payment for a fifty year old man is $1,300,000. These high costs effectively
make allodial title planning unavailable.
[Ex.Dir. Note:
when the property owner dies the balance in the trust account may be paid to
the heirs at a 3% APR interest, or the new title holder may elect to continue
to hold the property in allodial title by applying to
the Nevada State Treasurer and prepaying the property taxes from the age of the
new title holder to the age of the former title holder when that title holder
obtained allodial title. More information regarding allodial title may be obtained by calling Janet at the
There are
other potential problems with allodial title. Unlike the homestead exemption, it is unclear
whether allodial title would protect a homeowner from
a creditor if obtained after a lawsuit was filed. Further, it is not clear how the allodial title exemption would apply under the new
bankruptcy provisions. I understand that
as of the beginning of February 2002 the state treasurer's office has received
about a dozen applications for allodial title since
the program started in October 2001.
The
NOST. The NOST is a powerful
asset protection technique. In 1999 the
Under the
statutes, a NOST cannot be required to make distributions to a
grantor/beneficiary of the trust. This
may present an issue with a NOST owning a residence in which the
grantor/beneficiary resides. Living in
the residence could be construed to be a required distribution from the
trust. If a judge found this to be the
case, then it is possible that asset protection features of a NOST could be
invalidated. It is possible that in such
a case all of the assets in the NOST could then be reached by creditors. Thus, an individual should consider creating
two NOSTs, one for the residence and another for
their investment assets.
Qualified Personal
Residence Trust (QPRT). The QPRT is
a creature of federal transfer tax law.
It is designed to lower gift and estate taxes. It allows a person to reduce the value of
their estate by retaining an interest in their home for a desired period of
years while giving away the remainder interest to someone else (usually family
members). The gift of the remainder
interest is subject to gift tax. Once
the designated period of years has expired the transferor no longer has an
ownership interest in the residence; however, he/she may lease it from the
owner (the trust) for fair market value rent.
The value
of this technique is that it allows a person to transfer an asset out of their
estate at a reduced value for gift tax purposes. Because the transferor retains an interest in
the home, only the value of the remainder interest is taxable. Appreciation in value of the residence
occurring after the transfer is not taxable to the transferor if he/she
outlives the designated term. Thus, the
risk of this technique is that the transferor may not live to the end of the
term of years. In such a case the full
value of the home at the date of the transferor's death is included in the
estate.
An example
will help illustrate this technique.
Parent (fifty years old) owns a residence with a fair market value of
$1,000,000. She/he wants to retain the
home for ten years and then have the ownership transfer in trust to her/his
children. The value of the retained ten
year interest will vary depending on the terms of the trust agreement and the
applicable federal rate of interest. We
will assume a rate of 5.6%. The amount
transferred or remainder interest in this scenario is $591,950. This is the amount of the gift for gift taxes
purposes. Assume that eight years after
the transfer the residence is worth $1,400,000 and that after ten years it is
worth $1,500,000. If the parent dies at
year eight years the full value of the residence will be included in her/his
estate. If the parent lives for more
than ten years, none of the residence will be taxed her/his estate.
The QPRT
also has some asset protection features.
Assume that the parents in the above example are sued and a judgment is
obtained against them. Their term
interest in their home (over the amount of the homestead exemption) will be
subject to the judgment creditor's reach.
However, such an asset is not so desirable to a creditor. The creditor would only have the home for the
remainder of the term of years and such an asset would be difficult to sell.
Conclusion. I have outlined a few ways to protect a
residence from the reach of certain creditors.
This article is intended as an overview of these techniques, as I have
not been able to outline all of the requirements and issues involved. The discussion of the QPRT technique only
begins to touch the surface. The
homestead exemption is the least complex of these techniques and should
generally be utilized by all homeowners.
The NOST is a powerful way to protect the residence and other
assets. The NOST should not replace, but
be used in addition to the homestead exemption.
The other techniques should be considered in the appropriate
circumstances.
These and
other asset protection planning techniques should also be considered in the
context of your overall estate and asset protection plan, which may include
making annual gifts to children, the use of limited partnership and limited
liability companies, the use of a Nevada On Shore Trust (NOST) and other
techniques. It is important to sit down
with your advisor(s) and discuss how your objectives can best be met. From your objectives an estate/asset
protection plan can be formulated and implemented to protect your assets from
the reach of creditors.
Jeffrey Burr and Associates, Attorneys at Law specializing in Estate
Planning and Asset Protection
If you have any pertinent information about the following
membership candidates, please contact:
Applicants To Go Before Credentialing
Committee
Syed Akbarullah,
MD, Internal Medicine
Marsha Matsunaga-Kirgan, MD, Ob-Gyn
Lisa A. Roberts, MD, Ob-Gyn
Jerome F. Ziarko, DO, Family
Practice
The Father
Joe's M.A.S.H. Village Medical Clinic is a free clinic that the at-risk
homeless, homeless, low income and uninsured community can access free of
charge. The clinic opened its door on
The clinic
is now requesting your help. We
currently have physicians, nurse practioners, and
physician assistant and nurses volunteering at the clinic, we encourage you to
bring your talents and specialties to help others. Last year the clinic provided 5,116 patient
visits. The clinic also provides preceptorship and
externship hours to students in medical specialties from, UNR,
If you are
interested in volunteering at M.A.S.H. medical clinic or have other questions,
please contact, George Kaiser, MD or Debra Gulley-Collins,
clinic manager at 702 388-0088 extensions 253 or 288.
In the February 2002 County Line, Nevada Preferred
Professionals was referred to as a stand-alone network. When NPP was purchased
recently by Universal Health Network, it became a preferred provider
organization.
Raj Chanderraj, M.D.,
2001-2002 CCMS President
The medical
community in
There are
three reasons that come to my mind to explain the present crises:
1)
Insurance Companies: Being the only industry that is exempt from antitrust
laws, they carry on their business with more power than the Maharaja of
Timbuktu. Their income, derived from stock investment in a bull market, allowed
them to offer predatory pricings and, when the market
took a dive, the only alternative to increase their incomes was to raise the
premiums. They openly flaunt their responsibility to create profit for Wall
Street rather than to provide service to their consumers.
2) Victim
Culture: Trial lawyers, contrary to what is being said, are pursuing a large
number of frivolous claims and are presenting a sad face of the victims who are
so taken by this. Victims agonize that they are absolving themselves of their
neglect of their health care and penalizing the health care provider for less
than satisfactory outcomes.
3)
Physician Arrogance: Our demeanor in the courtrooms is primarily responsible
for the huge jury awards for pain and suffering that are totally
disproportionate to the actual damages for care. Additionally, our
nonparticipation in the political process has allowed legislators to take
monies from our pockets and give it to other causes.
There is a
large group of physicians who believe that AMA and the medical societies do not
do anything. The actual fact is that the physicians who say this are not aware
of what is going on in those societies. When they receive a bill for membership
dues, they simply don’t want to pay and, to justify their nonpayment, they say,
“they don’t do anything.” This is analogous to the
situation when our patients complain about their bill and say, “He didn’t do
anything.” We all know this is not true but we carry on with similar behavior
when we receive the AMA or medical societies bills.
A lot of
caring physicians spend anywhere from 10 to 20 uncompensated hours attending
meetings, gathering information, testifying at key legislature hearings and try
to influence the outcome of the bills. This is being done in spite of total
indifference by the majority of physicians. The effort we put in is enormous
and, please, we don’t need any compliments but DO NOT SAY NOTHING IS BEING
DONE.
I would
encourage all of you to become more involved in organized medicine because this
is the only avenue for your survival.
Weldon (Don) Havins,
M.D., J.D., CCMS Executive Director/CEO and Special Counsel
Insurance
Availability Update
At the time
of writing this article, the Division of Insurance has scheduled a meeting for
March 4th of all insurers in Nevada who have been approved to write physician
professional liability insurance. The
insurers at this meeting are to present information as to: their market intentions; market conduct;
practices in rating and adherence to filed rates and rating plans; underwriting
practices, including treatment of loss experience and treatment of
"incidents" versus "claims"; premium payment plans,
including tail coverage; and equity in tail coverage in this state. The hearing will commence at
The
companies approved to write primary insurance PLI health care provider policies
are: American Physicians Assurance
Corporation, Chicago Insurance Company (Interstate), Continental Casualty
Company (CNA) First Professionals Insurance Company (FPIC), Medical Insurance
Exchange of California (MIEC), National Union Fire Insurance Company of
Pittsburgh, PA (AIG), Physicians Insurance Company of Wisconsin (PIC
Wisconsin), St. Paul Medical Liability Insurance Company, The Doctor's Company,
G.E.'s Medical Protective Company, TIG Insurance
Company, Health Care Indemnity, Inc., Utah Medical Insurance Association,
Northwest Physicians Mutual Insurance Company, and NCMIC Insurance Company.
Of these,
CNA
(Continental Casualty Company) received approval February, 2002 for a 52%
increase in premiums. MIEC (Medical
Insurance Exchange of California) received approval for a 19.5% premium
increase in October, 2001. MIEC sales of
new policies are reportedly disproportionately greater in northern
There
appear to be five insurers actively available to write PLI insurance for
southern
American
Physicians Assurance (APA) Corporation (William B. Cheeseman,
CEO,
AIG
(National Union Insurance Company, Maurice Greenberg, President and CEO, 70
Pine Street, New York, New York 10270) is reportedly writing a "few"
new policies in southern Nevada.
Physicians have reported that AIG will reduce premiums for substantial
increases in deductible.
PIC
received a 7.5% rate increase in
May, 2001 (affecting
The
Doctors' Company (Manuel Puebla, President,
General
Electric's Medical Protective Company (Timothy Kenesey,
President and CEO,
A new
insurer entering the Nevada PLI market could be in
While a
physician seeking new coverage may wish to obtain quotes from more than one
broker, physicians should be aware that applications submitted through
competing brokers that contain conflicting information on the same physician
has resulted in no insurer willing to quote in the primary insurance
market. While it may well be prudent to
utilize more than one broker to obtain a wider group of insurer quotes, one
should be certain that applications do not contain conflicting information.
Hopefully,
all this information will be corrected and updated on March 4th at the
Commissioner of Insurance and PLI insurers meeting.
Mutual Binding
Arbitration Agreement
A recent
jury verdict has increased concern about the reasonableness of jury verdicts in
medical malpractice cases. The patient,
in June of 1994, at the age of 71, underwent a colorectal surgery procedure
known as the Bacon Modification of the Cucait Pull
Through, for treatment of his colon cancer.
Post-operatively the patient was incontinent which required the patient
to wear adult diapers. The patient
refused to have a colostomy which would have ameliorated the need for diaper
wear. A four-day trial ended with the
jury finding for the plaintiff and against the surgeon: $20,000.00 for future medical costs,
$1,000,000.00 for past pain and suffering, and $500,000.00 for future pain and
suffering. (In
Some
physicians have suggested the use of mutual binding arbitration as a means to
avoid inappropriate jury verdicts. Kelly
Testolin, Esq. (partner in Hale, Lane, Peek,
Contracts
signed under duress and agreements coerced from the other party are not
enforceable. Patients must be given a
copy of the agreement and have a 30-day period to rescind the contract in
writing. The 30-day period is utilized
to minimize the chance of a claim of duress or coercion. The agreement binds both physician and
patient to submit disputes regarding the provision of medical services to
arbitration rather than proceeding to litigation through the courts.
An
arbitration agreement does not circumvent the Medical Dental Screening Panel
process. An arbitration agreement simply
substitutes the arbitration process for the litigation process in resolving
disputes in court. However, arbitration
does avoid the jury as a decision-maker (finder of fact). The arbitration panel (using American
Arbitration Association rules) or arbitrator (if one uses the single arbitrator
of the Uniform Act) decides negligence (or not) and the award. While arbitrators can award the full panoply
of remedies available to juries, many feel arbitrators provide a more
reasonable resolution of disputes. Any
physician contemplating the use of arbitration agreements should first discuss
their full implications with the physician's attorney.
This Mutual
Binding Arbitration Agreement example and the text of NRS 38 can be found at
www.clarkcountymedical.com on the temporary CCMS web site in the Miscellaneous section.
EXAMPLE:
MUTUAL BINDING
ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
Patient’s Name: ___________________________________
This mutual binding arbitration agreement constitutes an
integral part of a contract for medical services by
and between __________________ and
________________ who agree to be bound as described hereunder:
(name of
physician) (name
of patient)
1. It is under stood that any dispute as to medical
malpractice, that is, as to whether any medical services rendered under this
Contract were unnecessary or unauthorized or were improperly, negligently or
incompetently rendered, will be determined by submission to arbitration as
provided in Nevada law, and not by lawsuit or resort to court process except as
Nevada law provides for judicial review of arbitration proceedings. Both parties to this Contract, by entering
into it, are giving up their constitutional right to have any such dispute
decided in a court of law before a jury, and instead are accepting the use of
arbitration.
2. Such arbitration shall be in accordance with the current
arbitration rules of the American Arbitration Association. This Mutual Binding Arbitration Agreement
shall apply to any legal claim or civil action in connection with any and all
medical services rendered, whether inpatient or outpatient, against
Dr. _______________ or any of Dr.
______________’s employees or contracted staff.
3. The execution of
this Mutual Binding Arbitration Agreement shall not be a precondition of the
furnishing of medical services by Dr. _____________________. This Mutual Binding Arbitration Agreement may
be rescinded by written notice from the Patient or Patient’s legal
representative within 30 days of signature.
4. The Mutual Binding
Arbitration Agreement shall bind the parties hereto, including newborns, and
the heirs, representatives, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns
of such parties and newborns.
NOTICE: BY SIGNING THIS CONTRACT YOU ARE AGREEING TO HAVE
ANY ISSUE OF MEDICAL MALPRACTICE DECIDED BY NEUTRAL ARBITRATION AND YOU ARE
GIVING UP YOUR RIGHT TO A JURY OR COURT TRIAL.
SEE ARTICLE 1 OF THIS CONTRACT.
Date: ___________________________ Time: ____________________ A.M./P.M.
Signature: _______________________________________________________
(patient/parent/legal guardian/legal
representative)
If signed by other than patient, indicate relationship:
________________________________
Steven Hansen, Chief
Executive Officer,
Nevada
Health Centers, Inc. (NVHC) has a mission to provide access to quality health
care services throughout
Nevada
Health Centers Inc. is a Federally Qualified Community Health Center (FQHC)
program. This FQHC program is a Federal
grant funded under Section 330 of the Public Health Service Act to provide for
primary and preventive health care services in medically underserved areas throughout
the
NVHC is
currently operating thirteen (13) clinics, staffed by physicians, physician
assistants and nurse practitioners. Our
clinics provide primary health care in the following locations:
NVHC has
three chief management officers, which include: the Chief Executive Officer,
Steven C. Hansen; the Chief Financial Officer, Linda Costa; and, the Chief
Medical Officer Dr. Carl Heard. We
operate out of two administrative offices, one located in
NVHC is
governed and directed by a policymaking Board of Directors. The members consist
of representatives from each community served, and include a cross section of
professionals, industrial, and residential interests and activities in the
region. They represent a mix of sex, age and ethnicity. Four of the fourteen
available positions are designated for residents of
NVHC
depends on a balanced distribution of funding sources. Currently NVHC revenue comes from four main
sources: 50% patient charges, 25% federal grants, 22% local/county
contributions, 3% private contributions and donations.
NVHC
As
previously stated, NVHC has been providing primary care services to Nevadans
since 1977. Nevada Health Centers
developed administrative operations in
The
demographic information of our population is 38% Hispanic, 28% White, 21%
African American, 2% Asian, and 11% undeclared.
In addition, approximately 76% of our patients are under 100% of the
Federal Poverty Level (FPL), and 21% is between 100% and 200% of the FPL. Sixty-two percent of our patient populations
are women, and 33% of the patients are under the age of nineteen.
In 2001, our homeless clinic and outreach teams have seen
approximately 1,394 homeless patients, which equates to 2,300 encounters. Our homeless patients receive free primary
health care, including prescription drugs.
Our outreach teams have also developed networks of specialists that will
see these patients. These activities are
supported through a Health Care for the Homeless grant through the Bureau of
Primary Health Care. In addition, NVHC
contracts with Catholic Charities to provide health screenings of approximately
thirty immigrants from various different countries each month.
Our
scheduling system encourages patients to make appointments prior to being seen
by our providers. However, approximately
40% of all patients seen in our current
In June
2001, Nevada Health Centers became the permanent grantee for the
[Ex. Dir. Note: Mr. Hansen is
committed to working with legislators to expand the Good Samaritan Laws in
Nevada to cover physicians volunteering their time in a Federally Qualified
Community Health Center. If successful,
physicians volunteering time in this or other federally qualified health center
would be either immune to lawsuit for medical malpractice or held to a
"gross negligence" standard to be proved with only clear and
convincing evidence. At this time,
however, physicians volunteering their time in such a clinic is subject to
Clark County Health
District, Dr. Donald Kwalick, Chief Health Officer
Prior to
Health
District activities related to emergency preparedness include the completion of
a comprehensive plan that outlines agency responsibilities and response protocols
by division and section. For example, an integral component of the plan is the
nursing and clinics division Mass Immunization Plan. Public health nurses would
use this plan to ensure individuals are effectively immunized in the event
there is widespread exposure to a vaccine preventable disease.
This emergency/disaster plan as a
whole will be tested in March of this year when district personnel participate
in a biological tabletop scenario that examines issues the community would face
while responding to a terrorist event involving a biological weapon.
The
exercise is coordinated through the Clark County All-Hazard Local Emergency
Planning Committee (LEPC) to facilitate a collaborative multi-agency,
multi-jurisdictional planning and training effort. The tabletop exercise is a
part of the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Domestic Preparedness
Program, created under Title XIV of the National Defense Authorization Act of
1996. The program is administered by the U.S. Department of Justice, Office for
State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support. The City of
In
conjunction with this exercise the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) will provide a National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS) simulation package
for training purposes. The goal of the NPS is to "maintain a national
repository of life-saving pharmaceuticals and medical material that will be
delivered to the site of a chemical or biological terrorism event in order to
reduce morbidity and mortality in civilian populations."
In the
event of a significant biological or chemical incident, the CDC would deliver a
"push package" to the local community upon federal request from a
state division of health or emergency management. The push package arrives via
cargo aircraft and contains essential medications, IV supplies, respiratory
supplies and other medical equipment to support the community's immediate needs
until additional assets can be deployed. The recipient community is responsible
for the subsequent off-loading, transportation, break-down and distribution of
the pharmaceutical products.
"These
two events will provide an ideal tool for assessing our current plan and
resources. After the exercise is completed all participants should have a
better understanding of their roles and responsibilities in the event of an
emergency," said Dr. Donald Kwalick, chief
health officer for the health district.
The March
exercise will focus on improving the understanding of a response concept and
identifying opportunities and challenges. The emphasis will be on interagency
coordination, integration of capabilities, problem identification and
resolution.
While this
exercise uses a scenario involving the deliberate release of a biological
agent, the lessons learned will have wide-ranging value. Inter-agency
coordination and response is vital to a community's response to a multitude of
incidents that could include deliberate acts, large-scale accidents and natural
disasters.
Cardiovascular
Consultants 691-9154
Southwest Medical
Associates 242-7731
Some courses also approved for nursing CEUs.
3/14 - “Alternative Medicine: Treatment of Cardiovascular
Disease with Nutritional Medicine,”
4/11 - “Genetics Update for the Primary Care Provider,”
UMC 383-2604
3/7 - Family Practice Department Meeting,
3/12 - “Pseudomonal Infections and
Their Prevention,”
3/26 - “Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections,”
4/9 - To Be Announced
4/23 - “Reduction of Adverse Cardiac Events - The HOPE
Trial,”
5/14 - “Hodgkins Disease: An
Overview,”
5/28 - “Venous Thromboembolic
Disorders,”
6/11 - “The Use of Intravenous PPI’s,”
6/25 - “Update on Asthma,”
7/9 - “Vaginal Births After Cesarean Sections(V-Bacs),”
7/23 - “Making the Valley Hospital Website Work For You and Your Patients,”
*Special Note: CCMS
members can receive free CME courses on the internet with World Medical
Leaders.
To have your CME courses listed on our calendar, please
contact Deborah Barton at 739-9989.
March 30 - Distribute Nominating Ballots for 2002-2003
offices
May 1 - Distribute Election Ballots for 2002-2003 offices
May 2-5 - NSMA Annual Meeting,
Mid-June - Installation Dinner (date and location TBA)
JANUARY 2002
DISEASE
|
CASES REPORTED |
YEAR TO DATE |
||
|
|
Jan. 2001 |
Jan. 2002 |
2001 |
2002 |
VACCINE
PREVENTABLE DISEASES
|
||||
|
DIPTHERIA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
HAEMOPHILUS
INFLUENZA (invasive) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
HEPATITIS A |
9 |
3 |
9 |
3 |
|
HEPATITIS B |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
INFLUENZA |
16 |
1 |
16 |
1 |
|
MEASLES |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
MUMPS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
PERTUSSIS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
POLIO |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
RUBELLA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
TETANUS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED DISEASES
|
||||
|
AIDS |
14 |
18 |
14 |
18 |
|
CHLAMYDIA |
284 |
396 |
284 |
396 |
|
GONORRHEA |
134 |
147 |
134 |
147 |
|
HIV |
17 |
8 |
17 |
8 |
|
SYPHILIS (Primary & Secondary) |
0 |
0 |
||