Newsletter LI April 2004
The Federal Volunteer Protection Act and the Nevada Health Professional
Malpractice Filings against Health Care Providers, Jan 2001 – Feb 2004
Clark County Health District: Tuberculosis is still a threat!
Clark County
Health District Disease Statistics – February 2004
By
On
Section
14502 of the VPA provides for preemption of state law inconsistent with the VPA
except to the extent that state law provides greater protections to
"volunteers in the performance of services for a nonprofit organization or
governmental entity." Paragraph (b)
of the section provides that a state may enact a statute "citing the
authority of this subsection" which declares that the VPA shall not apply
to cases against a volunteer in which all parties are citizens of that
state. A perusal of
The VPA applies to all volunteers, not just professionals. Professionals must be licensed by the state to perform relevant professional service for the nonprofit organization or governmental entity. Licensed professionals performing services beyond the scope of their license will not receive the protections of the VPA. Otherwise, "no volunteer shall be liable for the harm caused by an act or omission of the volunteer on behalf of the nonprofit organization or governmental entity" not caused by "willful or criminal misconduct, gross negligence, reckless misconduct, or a conscious, flagrant indifference to the rights or safety of the individual harmed by the volunteer." VPA protections will not apply to harm caused an individual by the volunteer operating a motor vehicle, and VPA protections will not apply if the volunteer's conduct results in a conviction for a crime of violence, conviction for a hate crime, conviction of international terrorism, conviction of a sexual offense, conviction for violating an individual's civil rights, or where the volunteer defendant's misconduct occurred under the influence of intoxicating alcohol or drug (42 USC 14503). Should a volunteer be sued for such grievous conduct causing harm, noneconomic damages apply only to the degree of fault (no joint liability for noneconomic damages) and any punitive damages must be proven by clear and convincing evidence.
Conflicting
language between the VPA and
Does this
mean that a physician volunteering to render medical services to an individual
is only protected under the VPA if the patient is physically seen within the
governmental entity or nonprofit organization?
A look to
Why is this
important to
From the
provisions of the VPA, the volunteer "performing services FOR a nonprofit organization or
governmental entity may not receive compensation other than reasonable
reimbursement or allowance for expenses actually incurred or in excess of $500
per year." (Section 14505(6)). Until a court determines otherwise, volunteer
A search of case law reveals no court to have overturned a provision of the VPA. One reason for this is that the VPA is grounded in the commerce clause of the U.S. Constitution. The government must only establish that the VPA is "rationally related to a legitimate governmental purpose". Laws enacted under this provision of the Constitution are rarely found to be unconstitutional. At least one law journal article contends that the VPA applies to licensed attorneys performing Pro Bono work for nonprofit Pro Bono organizations, including bar associations with Pro Bono programs. (Paul Geogiadis, Esq., Hawaii Bar Journal, April 1988). Pro Bono work is generally performed in the attorney's office rather than within the confines of the bar association building. This would, by analogy, imply that physicians and dentists seeing patients for a nonprofit organization in their office should be covered under the protections of the federal Volunteer Protection Act.
While the protections to volunteers under the VPA are substantial as to negligence lawsuits from third parties, the VPA does not prohibit the governmental entity or nonprofit organization from suing the volunteer. Similarly, a victim of negligence may sue the governmental entity or nonprofit organization.
While the
VPA applies to
With
By Ed Kingsley, M.D.,
2003-2004
f
you haven’t already heard it by now, the
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n the February 2004 County Line your Society published a “Position Paper” in response to the Performance Audit by the Federation of Medical Board Examiners last fall of the BME. I had the opportunity to present that information to the State Senate and Assembly members of the Legislative Commission at their February 18th meeting. I believe they received our recommendations regarding the Audit well. At the BME’s most recent quarterly meeting on March 12, your Society’s CEO Don Havins and I had the opportunity to formally present our response to the Audit. Before I spoke, the new BME Deputy Executive Secretary/Special Counsel Tony Clark JD addressed the Audit’s recommendations and how the BME was already implementing a number of them. I am pleased to report that your Society and the BME agreed with many of the recommendations made in the Audit regarding ways that the BME could improve its administrative and disciplinary functions. In a nutshell, most of our recommendations are as follows (and the BME’s responses are included parenthetically).
1. The BME should improve the manner of its evaluation and prioritization of complaints regarding physicians that it receives from patients and other health practitioners. It should improve the way it then communicates its findings and response to that complaint with the complainant (the BME agrees and has already implemented the changes).
2. It should discontinue its current series of Public Service Announcements for educating the public regarding itself (at an annual cost of $60,000), and instead hire a part- or full-time Public Information Officer. By such a change, I believe the BME could then more efficiently reach out to the public and its licensees to better educate them regarding itself and its functions (the BME disagrees with parts of this recommendation. However, it is now making greater efforts to open communication lines with all of the state’s hospitals to facilitate the reporting of disciplinary actions taken against physicians).
3. Allow health practitioners to renew their licenses to practice medicine via the Internet (the BME is still considering such a recommendation).
4. All financial and performance audits of the BME should be presented to the BME publicly, which is not currently being done (the BME is still considering such a recommendation).
5. A “clean-up” bill, AB 5, passed last July during the special session of our Legislature, substantially changed the wording and spirit of an amendment to NRS 630.301 made in SB 250 by the 2003 Legislature, which had provided that “conviction of a felony” constituted grounds for licensure discipline or licensure denial. The “clean-up” bill changed that to read “Conviction of a felony relating to the practice of medicine or the ability to practice medicine”. We recommend the statute be changed back to its original language (the BME agrees).
6. Contrary to the Audit’s recommendation of not allowing for “licensure via endorsement”, we recommended it be continued (the BME appears to agree).
7. The BME should routinely access the National Physician Data Base (NPDB) as another source of information for determining which physicians have been reported for serious disciplinary actions or who have made any payment in a malpractice claim (BME response unknown).
8. We do not agree that every malpractice claim filed against a physician should be investigated by the BME, as is currently being done (and which is not required by law). We consider this a waste of time and resources since approximately 65-70% of such claims are eventually closed without payment to the plaintiff. Current law requires the BME to investigate only those claims resulting in an award, settlement, or adjudication (BME response unknown).
9. “Letters of concern” or “admonishment” should be sent to physicians who have been found guilty of unprofessional behavior that does not rise to the level requiring formal disciplinary action by the BME. We consider such “proactive” measures could help prevent possibly more egregious unprofessional, unethical or illegal activities by doctors thus making future harsher disciplinary actions unnecessary (BME response unknown).
10. The BME should authorize their Investigative Committee to not only receive and investigate complaints against physicians but to adjudicate responses and then write and send these letters (BME response unknown).
11. The Audit recommended that “statement of charges” against a physician and the BME’s response be made available to the public on its website. We recommend that rather than publicizing the BME’s unproven allegations against a licensee, the Investigative Committee’s “findings of fact and conclusions of law” should be made available along with the Board’s action on the case (BME response unknown).
12. More reliable information
regarding the physician workforce in
The BME will re-evaluate the Audit in its next quarterly meeting in June before making a final, formal response. It should be recalled that the BME is the primary regulatory agency that determines which doctors can practice in this state, how we are allowed to continue to practice here, what kind and how much continuing medical education is required and how we may be disciplined, including under what circumstances our license to practice medicine in this state may be revoked. Therefore, it behooves all of us to pay close attention to the activities and decisions of our BME since their decisions greatly impact the way you and I practice medicine.
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he
“Committee for Affordable and Accessible Health Care” continues to meet on a
regular basis, usually every other Tuesday morning at our Society’s
office. Dr. Rudy Manthei, who has been
very active in the KODIN (Keep Our Doctors in
If you have any pertinent information about the following membership candidates, please contact:
For
information on becoming a member of the Clark County Medical Society, call
The
Clark County Medical Society is saddened to announce the passing of Dr. Jerald
Malone. Dr. Malone, general practicioner, died
Congratulations and Welcome to the
Reinstated Members
Jan 2001 –
Feb 2004

2001 2002 2003 2004
Jan 39 33 109 50
Feb 20 14 88 68
Mar 35 30 148
Apr 37 34 101
May 37 35 108
Jun 27 24 98
Aug 54 51 63
Oct 37 83 114
Nov 38 184 50
Sum 372 823 1116
By
The
Is this where we are headed if the KODIN tort reform Initiative does not pass?
Scope
of Practice Expansion for CRNAs
On-Call
Trends
An organization known as the
“Governance Institute” in
Manpower
Shortages
Under current HHS rules, H-1B visas are only issued to the most underserved areas and only for work in community health centers and rural clinics. These new restrictions eliminate about 86% of previously qualifying areas.
In 1994, Senator Kent Conrad (D –
N.D.) sponsored a bill which now permits 30 waivers per state for foreign born
physicians to work in medically underserved areas.
Dr. Richard Cooper, director of the
Health Policy Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin in
A medical recruiter in
The critical nursing shortage has
been exacerbated by our new immigration laws.
Implementation of the Immigration Act of 1990 required nurses granted
H-1B visas to be graduates of four year colleges, although only one state
requires nurses to have a college degree for licensure. A new visa classification for nurses, the
H-1C program implemented in 1999, permits a total of 500 visas a year for
hospitals in medical shortage areas, and then there are caps on individual
states. Dr. Cooper states that even
doubling the current admission rates of
Relationship
Between Medical Malpractice Suits and Actual Medical Negligence
The Harvard Medical Practice Study
evaluated over 31,000 hospitalizations in
Another study by Troyen
Brennan, MD, JD, MPH of the Health Policy and
Management school at Harvard University School of Public Health examined 51
cases of malpractice closed as of
Thus, the severity of the patients’ permanent disability, and not the occurrence of negligence, determined the probability of a payment to the plaintiff.
By Donald Kwalick, MD, MPH. Clark County
Health Officer
World TB Day, held on March 24 of each year, is an occasion designed to raise awareness of an international health threat that continues to have a major impact on public health.
From a global perspective the statistics are sobering - every 15 seconds someone dies of TB; eight million people develop active TB every year; more than 900 million women are infected with TB; the disease accounts for one third of AIDS deaths; and one person can infect between 10 and 15 people in one year.
At the local level, we documented 74 active cases of the disease in 2003, an increase from 62 cases reported during the previous year. Of these cases, 74 percent were foreign born; 10 percent were homeless; 10 percent were infected with HIV; and 13 percent were type II diabetes, in poor control.
Our staff at the Clark County Health District Tuberculosis Treatment and Control Clinic have been proactive when responding to cases of active tuberculosis.
In 2003, a case of infectious tuberculosis was identified in an inmate with AIDS who was incarcerated in a local correctional facility. Additionally, our case investigation revealed the inmate had been in a municipal court several times over a period of six months. This person refused treatment and therefore never received a skin test or chest x-ray. As a result, staff tested 550 correctional and medical staff and 209 contacts from Clark County District Court. Contacts identified during this investigation who were found to have positive TB skin tests were offered INH treatment.
A positive result of this investigation was the implementation of protective measures and a training program by the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. Current staff and new recruits receive information on the disease and all correctional officers now receive an annual mandatory PPD test along with their yearly physical.
Another high profile case occurred in September 2003. This involved a health care worker at a medical facility. During this investigation 378 contacts were tested. Of these contacts, 24 have converted on skin test and INH treatment was offered to these individuals.
While these investigations are costly to the health district, this is money well spent. With a communicable disease such as TB we are faced with a "pay now or pay more later" situation. To not pursue contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis aggressively could lead to an outbreak - and tuberculosis treatment can be prolonged and expensive. If a person develops tuberculosis that is resistant to treatment, the cure can cost upwards of $200,000.
Past experience with tuberculosis
has demonstrated we cannot afford to become complacent. The disease was once
the leading cause of death in the
Currently, we have more than 60 clients on directly observed therapy (DOT) and 12 children on directly observed prophylactic therapy (DOPT). More than 700 of our clients are on INH treatment and over 400 of these are under 35 years of age. Our practice of DOT and intensive case management services continue to increase rates of completion of therapy. We will continue to actively investigate and treat new cases in order to prevent further spread of the disease.
The
following referrals were provided to
Specialty Referrals
Addiction Medicine 0
Allergy 2
Anesthesiology 1
Cardiology 6
Cardiovascular Surgery 1
Dermatology 9
Diagnostic Radiology 0
Endocrinology 6
Family Practice 18
Gastroenterology 5
General Surgery 2
Geriatrics 1
Gynecologic Oncology 0
Hematology 2
Infectious Medicine 1
Internal Medicine 23
Nephrology 2
Neurology 7
Neurosurgery 1
Ob-Gyn 11
Occupational Med 1
Oncology 9
Ophthalmology 10
Oral/Maxillofacial Surg. 2
Orthopaedic Surgery 8
Otolaryngology 7
Pain Management 2
Pathology 0
Pediatrics 0
Ped. Surgery 0
Physical Med/Rehab 0
Plastic Surgery 3
Preventative Medicine 0
Psychiatry 9
Pulmonology 6
Radiology 0
Rheumatology 2
Thoracic Surgery 1
Urology 8
Vascular
Surgery 0
Totals 167
(Members can receive a full copy of meeting minutes by calling 739-9989.)
Tuesday,
Action Items
The minutes from the January 20th meeting were approved.
Financial Report
Dr. Steinberg reported the revenue thus far in the fiscal year is less than it was last year at this time. Expenses are about the same as last year at this time.
Committee Reports
Community Relations/ Community Health
Dr.
Bernstein reported the Mini-Internship program and dinner was a success. Dr. Bernstein announced the Legislative
Dinner date has been changed to April 29 at
Med PAC
Dr. Havins reported NSMA's NEMPAC formally endorsed Senator Ann O'Connell. MEDPAC members and directors present at the BOT meeting, constituting a quorum, voted to formally endorse Senator O'Connell.
Credentials
The following applicants were approved for membership: Bashab Banerji, MD, Internal Medicine; Bess Chang, DO, Neurology; Arezo Fathie, MD, Internal Medicine/Pediatrics; Bernadine Hanna, MD, General Surgery; Katherine Keeley, MD, Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery; Wai Li Ma, MD, Gastroenterology; Mavis Matsumoto, MD, Internal Medicine; Neal Ross, MD, Ob-Gyn; and Yousuf Schulz, MD, Radiology.
Membership
Bylaws
Dr. Evins presented a proposed revision to the Bylaws, involving amendment of provisions involving Nominating Committee members, Article V Section A1. The Board approved the recommended revisions. These will be sent to the membership for referendum voting in April.
Nominating
The slate of Officers and Trustees for 2004 chosen by the Nominating Committee was presented to the Board members.
Voter Registration
Dr. Jones
demonstrated packets he is making available to anyone interested in registering
patients to vote in their offices. Dr.
Jones or an
County Health Officer Report
Dr. Kwalick was unable to attend the meeting but sent a two-page report updating Board members on the compelling issues at the Clark County Health District. Dr. Havins reported he was aware of doctors being prosecuted for not reporting communicable diseases to the Health District. Dr. Havins was asked to clarify if the physician must report even if the lab reports.
[follow-up: NAC 441A requires each and every healthcare provider to report any of 66 communicable diseases to the CCHD, notwithstanding reports sent to the CCHD by other healthcare providers.]
NSMA Update
Dr. Evins
gave an update on the Medicaid reimbursement issue. Telephone conferences are being held weekly
with Mr. Duarte, representatives of First Health, NSMA's
Larry Matheis, NSMA's lobbyist Scott Craigie, and
President's Report
Dr. Kingsley reported the KODIN task force is meeting every other week. Dr. Fischer met with Dean Heller and reported Dean Heller will assign a number to the Initiative soon. [update: Question #3] Sig Rogich attended the KODIN meeting last week. The task force would like to have a group of physicians be on an advisory committee with each person in charge responsible for raising $5,000.
Dr. Kingsley reported on the NBME workshop regarding the proposed "proficiency" regulations.
Administrative Report
Dr. Havins informed the Board of the story in the Reno Gazette Journal regarding the NBME and presented copies of the articles to the Board members.
Dr. Havins announced a fundraiser Sandra Tiffany is having on Monday, March 15. She is requesting physician attendance and support.
Dr. Havins
reported the request of Dr. Brad Thompson, Interim Director of the Nevada
Health Professional Assistance Foundation for using the
Inactive Membership Status
The Board approved the "Inactive" status requested by Dr. Barry Markman and Dr. Henry Soloway.
UNSOM Graduation Ad Request
The board
approved running a
The next
Board of Trustees meeting will be
There being
no further business, the meeting was adjourned by Dr. Kingsley at
Cardiovascular
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